Tyre Pressure Monitoring System  
 


They are popularly known in the industry as “TPMS”. For over 15 years, industry has been working on development of this system that can measure operating tyre pressure while driving and warn the driver of the vehicle in the event of under inflation or pressure loss in the event of puncture.

They can also measure the temperature of the operating tyre and warn the driver in the event of increase and decrease in the operating temperature.

The operating limits of pressure and temperature can be set in the system. It shall have both higher limits and lower limits.

They are wireless and operated with RF technology, where a sensor and transmitter fitted in the tyres and a receiver and display unit in the dash board of the vehicle. They respond and act vice versa when the situation arises.

There are two types of TPMS – Direct systems and Indirect systems:

DIRECT SYSTEM:


Attach a pressure sensor/transmitter to vehicle’s wheel inside the tyre’s air chamber. An in-car receiver warns the driver in real time if the pressure in any one of the tyres falls below the pre-determined level.

INDIRECT SYSTEM:


Use the vehicles antilock braking system’s wheel speed sensors to compare the
Rational speed of one tyre vs the others. If one tyre is low on pressure, it will roll at a different number of revolutions per km/mile than the other three tyres, and alert the vehicle’s on board computer.

 
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  Tyre  
 
The tyre is the only component that links the car with the ground and facilitate the movement of the vehicle.

Tyres need to be looked after as it plays a major role in safety of the passengers but do they get our attention ?

Tyres are made of individual layers of fabric and steel encased in rubber. If a tyre is allowed to run low on pressure, the rubber is forced to stretch beyond the elastic limits of the fabric and steel reinforcing cords. When this happens, the bond between various materials can weaken and the same continues, the tyre will eventually fail.

Tyre pressure is an important thing and need to be maintained as specified by the tyre manufactures. They are declared in the vehicle manuals, near the door lock,

Maintaining the right pressure increases the safety while driving, tyre life and fuel efficiency. Moreover it increases the travelling comfort and improves the life of suspension assemblies.

Risk of Low pressure:

Weakens the tyre and changes driving behavior of car.
Lowers the contact force between the tyre and road.
Heightens the rolling drag and consequently the fuel consumption.
In the front tyres causes an indirect steering behaviour.
In the rear tyres increases the risk of over steering.
Leads to rising tyre temperature.
High temperature amplifies the abrasion of tyre.
And in the end may cause sudden burst of the tyre.

Risk of High Tyre Pressure:

Lowers the contact force between tyre and road.
In the front tyres increases the risk of under seering.
In the rear tyres increases the risk of over steering,
Leads to irregular abrasion.

Benefits
- Increased fuel economy.
- Longer tyre life (less wear and tear)
- No tyre blow outs ( No accidents)
- Right vehicle handling (No under or over steering)
- Riding comfort
- Traveling comfort.
- Longer suspension assembly life.

Added Benefits With TPMS

- It monitors the health of the tyre.
- Tyre pressure and temperature are monitored real time so the above benefits are reaped.
- If any puncture, the driver gets the alert so that he can react to the situation.

 
 
  Air Pressure  
 
AIR – PRESSURE is required to allow tyre to support the weight of the vehicle.
There is a minimum pressure for each vehicle based on the tyre type and size and differing load in the vehicle.

Studies in USA have shown that 26% of cars and 29% of trucks were operating with tyre pressure at least in one tyre 25% or more below the specification, which not only has negative impact on fuel economy and the tyre wear but poses a significant safety risk to the motorist.

Tyre Pressure alters naturally with ambient air temperature. Pressure also increase when the vehicle is driven due to flexing of tyre’s side walls and tread as a result of vehicle load and engine input as this generates heat.

Inflation pressure, if not correct, has an effect on fuel economy.

Drivers do not check the tyre pressure very often and this leads to a general under-inflation of tyres and therefore an increase in fuel consumption upto 5% and Carbon-dioxide emissions are also increased.

Under inflated tyre increases the tyre wear and reduces the life of the tyre.

Tyre Gauges at Petrol stations are generally in-accurate and contributes to poor fuel consumption.

85% of punctures are related to tyres with a history of under-inflation.

Maintaining the correct air pressure in tyres shall enhance the life of suspension assembly.

 
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  Advantages of Tubeless Tyres  
     
 
Better control and hassle free ride.
Even after puncture, loss of air is very slow as air escapes through the point of puncture only, making it a very safe tyre.
Better Fuel efficiency.
Lesser chance of tyre damage.
A tubeless tyre can flex over an object, giving it better impact resistance than a tube tyre.
Since there is no tube inside the tyre, no heat shall be generated due to friction.
 
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  Indian History And Road Conditions  
 


Road conditions across the world are not hidden.

Last 50 years, Indian Automobile population has grown by a whooping figure of
170 times, where as the road infrastructure has expanded by 9 times only.

Current estimated population of vehicle is over 5.5 crores.

Growing rate is about 25 – 30 lakhs per year.

Passenger car alone contributes about 11 – 12 lakhs per year.

ACCIDENTS AND LOSS OF LIVES:

Accidents are on the increase as the number of vehicles are on a phenomenal rise.

The loss of lives in accidents is close to ONE LAKH persons in year 2003.

 
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  Four Wheeler Safety  
 
Always maintain correct tyre pressure as it will help in effective braking.


Always wear seat belts. Wearing seat belts decreases death by 20 – 30%


Always keep a fire extinguisher in the car to prevent major mishaps due to fire.


Do not use air conditioner when you are stuck in a water logged situation.

Do not roll up windows if you are stuck in a water logged condition as power Windows may prevent your exit when jammed. It is handy to keep a small hammer.

 
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  Safe Driving Tips  
 
Follow lane while driving and avoid jumping lanes.

Always stick to the lane assigned to you and stay with speed limits.

Always look for road signs and give due importance to them.

Do not honk unnecessarily as it causes air pollution

If you have a driver, avoid back seat driving to prevent confusion and chaos.

Do not accelerate while you are moving out a parked car. Always look forward for other moving vehicles in the road, then move forward slowly.

Use indicators while turning left or right at least 30 meters before turning. Be extra careful while cutting lanes and parking areas

Be extra careful while reversing the vehicle . Look for pedestrians and other obstacles.

Always leave early to avoid speeding.

Be careful while changing the lanes. Indicator must be used.

Do not stop abruptly – slow down before stopping so that vehicle behind gets the warning.

Take adequate rest while traveling long drives to prevent fatigue and exhaustion.

On high ways avoid bumper to bumper traveling to stop at a short notice.

Drive at a optimum speed for a traveling comfort, safety and better mileage.

While driving at night make sure all lights are working – head and tail. Use low beam to avoid bedazzling of vehicles in the opposite direction.

 
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  Car Accessories  
 


 
  There are two types of accessories in a car – Interior and Exterior.  
 
Interior Exterior
Seat covers Lights
Car perfumes Car covers
Car Carpets or Mats Bumpers
Audio system Carriers
DVD system    
Airconditioner    
 
  TPMS is an accessory in interior and exterior.

The only accessory that is adding value to the customer, pays back the customer while supporting the customer and the vehicle for a greater (better) safety.

 
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  Mechanical and environmental requirement of TPMS  
     
 
Minimum size to accommodate in the rim.
Minimum weight to minimize the imbalance of the wheel and mass forces.
Resistance against damage during tire installation.
Ability to resist and securely transmit mounting forces into the rim.
Sensor unit must not offer any sharp edges, corners or protrusions to avoid the tyre bead catch during assembly.
Adjustability to wheel designs – same sensor can be used on different wheel designs.
Resistant to operational loads and forces.
Operating temperature range and reliable sealing .
Environmental resistance.
Ease and low cost assembly.
   
 
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